Geography and plan
hadi Siasar; Amir Salari
Abstract
Following the intensification and duration of the drought period in Iran and the occurrence of acute water shortage problems, drought risk management especially in rural areas has doubled. A variety of methods, including the Markov chain, are used to predict the likelihood of drought. In this study, ...
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Following the intensification and duration of the drought period in Iran and the occurrence of acute water shortage problems, drought risk management especially in rural areas has doubled. A variety of methods, including the Markov chain, are used to predict the likelihood of drought. In this study, the drought situation of rural areas were studied in Sistan and Baluchestan province according to the monthly rainfall data of six stations of Iranshahr, Chabahar, Khash, Zabol, Zahedan and Saravan stations using the standardized precipitation index method (SPI) in time scales of 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 months. The results showed that the cities of Zahedan, Chabahar, Zabol, Saravan, and Khash in the long term in 11.49, 35.14, 35.13, 11.62 and 35.13% of the times were in a dry situation, respectively. Zahedan, Chabahar, Zabol, Saravan, and Khash stations in 77.2 59.46, 62.17, 75.68 and 59.46% of the times were in normal condition and in 11.49, 5.40, 2.70, 2.70 and 5.41% of the times were in wet conditions, respectively. The results also showed that on average, the probability of equilibrium of dry, wet and normal periods in the stations of the province is 29, 5 and 66%, respectively. In other words, the region is in normal climatic conditions, while the probability of occurrence of dry conditions is almost six times that of wet conditions. The most severe drought in Sistan and Baluchestan province in 2008 with an SPI coefficient of -2.8 and the most severe drought in the province in 1995 with an SPI coefficient of +0.08 occurred. The general results showed that the changes in the SPI index have a negative trend and the creation of a comprehensive risk management system is essential.
Agricultural Extension and Education
alijan salariyan; Hassan Feizi; Amir Salari
Abstract
In order to investigation of relationships between saffron yield and summer irrigation a survey was conducted in fields of rural areas of Torbat Heydarieh and Farooj, Iran. The survey was done by questionnaires as face to face interview with farmers and expertise of this subject in 2019. Based on this ...
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In order to investigation of relationships between saffron yield and summer irrigation a survey was conducted in fields of rural areas of Torbat Heydarieh and Farooj, Iran. The survey was done by questionnaires as face to face interview with farmers and expertise of this subject in 2019. Based on this method, 90 saffron fields (area about 0.5- 7 ha) with 1-4 years ages were studied. In addition effect of first irrigation treatments consisted irrigation on august, on mid-September and on early October on saffron yield based on completely randomized design was performed. Results indicated that in 2 years old fields did not significantly affected by first irrigation time, but the time of first irrigation had significant effect on saffron yield especially in 1, 3 and 4 years-old farms. Irrigation on early October in one year-old farms showed the highest stigma yield, but in two years- old farms this condition occurred on mid-September at Torbat Heydarieh and Farooj. In addition there was a negative relationship between fungi contamination with yield (-4.779) in three years- old and regression coefficient was -7.731 in four years-old farms. Furthermore there was about 64 % of changes in corm contamination to fungi related to number of irrigation. Therefore early irrigation of farms in summer such as August especially in three and four years-old because of enhancement of contamination to fungi diseases do not recommend.
Agri Eco.
fatemeh Rastegaripoor; Amir Salari; fatemeh azizzadeh
Abstract
Water crisis worldwide and nationwide is serious and critical; therefore, water management in urban, agricultural and industrial areas is regarded as an update issue; however, due to maximum use of water in agriculture, management of irrigation water used for agricultural products has become more important ...
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Water crisis worldwide and nationwide is serious and critical; therefore, water management in urban, agricultural and industrial areas is regarded as an update issue; however, due to maximum use of water in agriculture, management of irrigation water used for agricultural products has become more important requiring programming and altering irrigation water consumption pattern to enhance the efficiency of irrigation water. Accordingly, in this study the indicator of virtual water of sugar beet is measured in Torbat Heydariyeh. The data and statistics were gathered from agricultural Jihad organization, meteorological organization, and ministry of energy during 2011 to 2019. The model used is ecological water footprint index and other related indicators.The results showed that the amount of virtual sugar beet in normal state was 1.2 m3 / kg and with 35% efficiency was 3.4 m3 / kg. The total amount of virtual water from sugar beet exports from Khorasan Razavi province has been increasing over the years. The green water footprint in sugar beet production is 265 million cubic meters per year, which is about 0.14 of the total water footprint calculated. Also, white water footprint in sugar beet production is 950 million cubic meters per year, which is about 52% of the total estimated water footprint, which is due to the low efficiency of irrigation systems in the region. The higher share of blue footprint than green footprint indicates that there is less rain benefit and greater evapotranspiration. Therefore, using irrigation systems with higher efficiency and reducing sugar beet spring sowing area is recommended in Torbat Heydarieh city.
Geography and plan
amir salari; Maryam heydarzadeh; nasim Ghashghaeizade
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of the quantity and quality of groundwater resources is essential due to the excessive dependence of employment on these resources. The present study was conducted with the aim of quantitative and qualitative study of groundwater resources in the villages of centeral part of Bandar ...
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Continuous monitoring of the quantity and quality of groundwater resources is essential due to the excessive dependence of employment on these resources. The present study was conducted with the aim of quantitative and qualitative study of groundwater resources in the villages of centeral part of Bandar Lengeh city. After quantitatively estimating the groundwater balance, taking into account all components of the aquifer inlet and outlet, level hydrogeological maps and groundwater level changes based on the average of the lunar data were at least in GIS software (10.3 version). By quantitative and qualitative monitoring of groundwater resources in the study area, using water quality statistics of 35 wells that were registered by the Regional Water Company during the statistical period of 2003-2018, groundwater curves were drawn and plotted. The results showed that the groundwater balance of Pedlmezan, west Dezhgan and east Dezhgan aquifers were 5.94, 0.64 and 3.24 million cubic meters per year, respectively, and the amount of allowable withdrawal from the mentioned aquifers were 5.60, 0.64 and 0.64 million cubic meters per year, respectively. Annual drop of -0.03, -0.08 and -0.07 meters of water level of Pedlmezan, west Dezhgan and east Dezhgan indicates the favorable conditions of the aquifer water balance. The qualitative results of the basin showed that the average electrical conductivity of Pedlmezan aquifer has decreased from 6935 μs⁄cm in 2007 to 5654 μs⁄cm in 2003. In Dezhgan plain aquifer, it was found that the average electrical conductivity of the aquifer has increased from 7410 μs⁄cm in 1998 to 10424 μs⁄cm in 2007. Decreasing the amount of electrical conductivity in Pedlmezan aquifer and increasing it in Dezhgan basin is directly related to fluctuations in rainfall in the relevant basin in this period. The general result of this research is that the integrated management of water resources and the measures and planning of the regions have maintained the relative balance of water balance in the region, but in order to prevent the reduction of the quality of water resources with high salinity of the basin, the ban on further exploitation of the water resources of the basin should continue.
Agri Eco.
Amir Salari; Ali Maroosi
Abstract
Although information technology has attracted a lot of attention, quantitative research has been carried out by farmers to measure the adoption of ICTs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting adoption of ICT by saffron workers in the city of Torbat Heydareih. In 2017, 20 vilages ...
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Although information technology has attracted a lot of attention, quantitative research has been carried out by farmers to measure the adoption of ICTs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting adoption of ICT by saffron workers in the city of Torbat Heydareih. In 2017, 20 vilages randomly selected from 134 villages in Torbat Heydareih region and 20 questionnaires per each village were distributed in each village, which returned 384 questionnaires. SPSS-PLS software was used to investigate the hypotheses and variables of the research. The results of the study showed that between the ease of use and the perceived usefulness, ease of use and attitude of use of information and communication technology, perceived usefulness and intention of use, ease of perception and attitude, attitude and intent of use, facilitating conditions and perceived usefulness, meaningful relationship There is. Moreover, the results of the research showed that there is not a significant relationship between facilitating the conditions and the intention to use ICT.
